Royal Victoria Park (also known as Brentry House)

The following is from the Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest. For the most up-to-date Register entry, please visit the The National Heritage List for England (NHLE):

www.historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list

Early-C19 villa grounds, designed in part by Humphry Repton, now public open space.

Location, Area, Boundaries, Landform and Setting

Royal Victoria Park, occupies c12ha of parkland, lying four miles to the north of Bristol city centre and wholly within the city boundary. It is surrounded by the suburbs of Henbury to the west, Southmead to the east, and Westbury-on-Trym to the south, and is immediately bordered by Charlton Road to the south and east, Brentry Lane and a woodland belt to the north, and Passage Road to the west. The park straddles a low ridge running south-west to north-east, and the house is sufficiently elevated to command extensive views to the south and west. Repton admired the landscape, recording Brentry's "most pleasing and extensive view.

In the foreground are the rich woods of King's Weston and Blaise Castle, with the picturesque assemblage of gardens and villas in Henbury and Westbury, beyond which are the Severn and Bristol Channel, and the prospect is bounded by the mountains of South Wales (Repton, 1801)." The views admired by Repton have been encroached upon by residential development but the principal prospect to the west may still be enjoyed. From the house the grounds slope steeply westwards to the estate wall on Passage Road and north to the woodland belts. To the north-east lies a flat plateau formerly used as "Village Greens" and later, for playing fields but is now occupied by an early-C21 housing development, and to the south lies the gently sloping parkland.

Entrances and Approaches

There are two principal entrances to Royal Victoria Park. A direct and straight drive enters the rear of the property from the north-east, off a roundabout on Charlton Road and runs between the wall of the kitchen garden and the grounds of St Peter's Hospice. The ornamental drive approaches from Charlton Road, through new metal gates (2001) to the south-east and turns north-eastwards to the house through a belt of ornamental trees. At the turn in the drive, at the crest of the ridge, is a sudden and expansive burst of prospect, partially blocked by young trees, with views over the parkland and beyond to the north. As the drive turns north at the house the extensive westward prospects come into view. A wooden cabin stands on the site of a former lodge (demolished c1970) at the entrance to this drive and a ha-ha which ran parallel and east of the drive has been infilled. A further entrance and drive was made in the north-west corner of the site off Passage Road, probably for C20 institutional use.

Principal Building

Repton Hall, formerly Brentry Hill, later Brentry House, (1802, extended c1840, listed Grade II) was built in the Greek revival style to the designs of Humphry Repton and his son, John Adey Repton, Humphry Repton wrote of the house, which sits on a low eminence flanked by trees, that "few houses have been built with more attention to the situation and circumstances of the place than the villa at Brentry (Repton, 1803)." In the mid-C19 the house was enlarged from the original modest symmetrical three-bay villa built by Repton. This enlargement added the two additional bays on the south front, the loggia on the west front and the orangery to the east. The original design can still be clearly seen as the core of the bigger house. The house was restored and converted to apartments in the early C21.

Gardens and Pleasure Grounds

The only gardens at Royal Victoria Park are some C20 shrubberies with C19 ornamental trees south and south-west of the house, on the south side of the south drive. In the crook of the elbow formed by the southern drive, the land platforms may still be discerned of abandoned tennis courts and a former croquet ground. Nothing else remains visible of the historic gardens and pleasure grounds. The site of the above ground grotto depicted in Peacock's Polite Repository (1805) has not been previously located, though the orientation of the house shows that it stood adjacent to the southern drive.

Park

The parkland slopes steeply away from the house to the west and north, and gently to the south, the remainder of the site being flat. There is a small wood in the triangle of land north of the junction of Passage Road and Charlton Road and a dense woodland belt which forms the north boundary of the park. Mature oak, lime and beech trees remain in the perimeter belts and some fine C19 specimens survive close to the house. Elsewhere the planting is from mid-to late C20 and unrelated to any earlier design in its location and species composition. The fences and ha-ha visible on the OS 25" to 1 mile 1st edition published in 1881, suggests that virtually the entire site was used for grazing. The only areas from which grazing was excluded were the perimeter tree belts along Passage Road; the belt of trees to the north; the drives; the ornamental planting along the ridge leading to the house and its immediate environs; and a triangular area of trees, possibly an orchard, in the east of the park. The extent of the park has been reduced by C20 and C21 developments, leaving only the areas south and west of the house intact. The remaining parkland has been replanted to the layout shown on the 1881 OS map under a section 106 planning agreement.

Kitchen Garden

The walled kitchen garden is located east of, and adjacent to, the house. It was incorporated into the hospital buildings but remained in use throughout the institutional use of the property. In the early C21 it was set out as gardens for the apartments created in the house.

Selected Sources

Books and journals

Carter, G, Goode, P, Laurie, K, Humphry Repton, (1982), 80, 152

Daniels, S, Humphry Repton, (1999), 235-6

Harding, S, Lambert, D , Parks and Gardens of Avon , (1994), 64, 66, 104-6

Nolen, J (ed), The Art of Landscape Gardening by Humphry Repton Esq. including his sketches and Hints on Landscape gardening and Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening, (1907), 203-7

Peacock, W, Peacock's Polite Repository, (1803)

Repton, H, Observations on the theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening , (1803)

Stroud, D, The Works of Humphry Repton, (1962), 123

Other

Avon Gardens Trust Newsletter, 21 (1999),

Avon Gardens Trust, Brentry Hospital, Bristol: proof of evidence for planning inquiry (1989a),

Harding, S, Conservation issues in the disposal of National Health Service land, 1993,

Title: Parish Survey of Westbury-on-Trym Source Date: 1817 Author: Publisher: Surveyor:

Title: Tithe Map of Westbury-on-Trym Source Date: 1841 Author: Publisher: Surveyor:

Reasons for Designation

Royal Victoria Park (formerly Brentry House) is included on the Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest at Grade II for the following principal reasons:

* Architect and group value: designed by the landscape architect, Humphry Repton, the park represents an unusual commission where he also designed the associated house, with his son, John Repton;

* Date: it is a good example of an early-C19 parkland, which although reduced in size by C20 and C21 housing developments, retains its integrity though the survival of its layout and some C19 planting;

*Documentation: the creation and development of the landscape is well-documented adding to the interest and understanding of the park.