Pearson Park

Pearson Park, situated between Beverley Road and Princes Avenue, covers 11 hectares (27 acres).

The area is generally flat and laid to grass with several fine trees. There are serpentine paths and the entire park is surrounded by a broad carriageway. Around the park are many Victorian mansions, several of which are listed buildings. Philip Larkin, the poet, lived in one of them for many years.

The main entrance to the park is from Beverley Road, through Pearson Avenue, where there is an ornamental iron gateway. This was constructed in 1863 and originally had a pair of decorated iron gates. These were removed in World War Two and not replaced.

There are bowling greens and a modern pavilion, boarded up to prevent vandalism, at the south eastern corner. On the south side are formal flower beds, surrounded by iron railings, an arboretum and a conservatory. The conservatory was originally built in the late 19th century and rebuilt in 1930. It is now covered in metal sheeting to prevent vandalism.

At the western edge of the park is a large children's play area which has been on this site since about 1950. The play equipment is relatively modern, having been replaced in 1990, although there is a rock pile with passages through it which has been there for over 50 years.

There is an artificial mound covered in shrubbery on which stands the cupola taken from the old town hall in 1912.

There is an oxbow-shaped lake with numerous waterfowl, surrounded by a paved area.

There are marble statues of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert, both sculpted by Thomas Earle, and a monolith with a plaque commemorating Zachariah Pearson.

The following is from the Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest. For the most up-to-date Register entry, please visit the The National Heritage List for England (NHLE):

www.historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list

LOCATION, AREA, BOUNDARIES, LANDFORM, SETTING

Pearson Park lies about 1.5 kilometres north of the centre of Hull in a heavily developed area of suburban housing. The roughly rectangular site of 8 hectares is largely level but includes a significant earth bank along the western boundary next to Princes Avenue. The eastern boundary of the park is unfenced. A shrubbery belt along the southern part of the western boundary and the fenced ornamental garden enclose the park in this area; other areas are open with the boundary of the park being marked by individual or groups of trees. The houses surrounding the park are of various periods and there has been infilling in recent times; tree cover in the surrounding gardens is sparse.

ENTRANCES AND APPROACHES

The main entrance to the park is to the centre of the eastern boundary from Pearson Avenue, which opens off Beverley Road to the east. A cast-iron entrance arch (Young and Pool 1863) flanks the entrance into the park. The arch incorporates Kingston Upon Hull's coat of arms and several motifs, such as anchor, capstan, and dolphins, which refer to the city's maritime history. The original iron gates were removed in 1901. To the south of the entrance stands East Lodge (1861), built in the Gothic Revival style. From here the carriage drive encircles the park and so, owing to its predominantly open boundaries, the park can be approached at almost any point from the carriage drive. A further entrance to the south gives access from Park Road. The carriage drive follows a route to the west of the lake in the south-west part of the park and then runs north, separating the banked and wooded area to the west from the main gardens and pleasure grounds. A pedestrian entry and cycle route which enters at the north-west corner of the park from Princes Avenue runs diagonally north-west to south-east across the park to the Park Road entrance.

GARDENS AND PLEASURE GROUNDS

Pearson Park includes wide grassed areas in its northern and central sections, with a small, irregular-shaped lake in its south-west corner and a bowling green and pavilion to the south-east. The structure of the park is as it was designed in 1861 by Niven although some alterations have been made to the path system. The roughly circular flower bed on the eastern boundary of the park was intended as the site for Queen Victoria's statue which, with the entrance gates themselves, would have created a grand entrance space. The statue was never erected here but was placed in its present position in the south-west section of the park. The circle of gravel and the flagpole which occupied this space in 1910 have been removed and the area is now planted with rose beds. Beyond this planting bed the central path follows closely the plan of the mid-19th-century design. Trees along this path include evergreen oak Quercus x hispanica 'Luconbeana' and Quercus x hispanica 'Ambrozyana'. There are also silver birch planted to commemorate National Tree Week in 1977.

The area to the north of the central east/west path is predominantly open with trees planted individually or in groups. The mid-19th-century serpentine path system in this area was destroyed when Nissen huts and air-raid shelters were sited in the park during the Second World War and was not reinstated when these structures were removed in 1954. The straight east/west path across the park is a modern feature and reflects the increased pressure of pedestrian and cycle traffic between the city centre and the developing housing estates to the north.

The statue of Prince Albert (1868), designed by Thomas Earle, occupies its original position but there is no evidence of the fountain, rustic shelter, or putting green (OS 1928) which were once in this part of the park. The statue of Queen Victoria (1860), also by Earle, was placed in its present position to the east of the lake in 1863 at the sculptor's request, and required a modification to the original path layout.

The paved garden immediately to the south of the statue, which is enclosed by bow-top fencing backed by a beech hedge, marks the site of the bandstand (1908) which was removed after the Second World War (Landscape Design Associates 2000). Part of the original path layout remains and the northern half of this garden has specimen hollies, ornamental trees, and flower beds in the space formerly occupied by the bandstand.

The irregular-shaped lake in the south-west section of the park is part of the mid-19th-century design although the ironwork bridge crossing the narrow central section was removed after the Second World War. The continuous footpath around the lake was created at this time. The rocks surrounding the edge of the lake date from 1867 and were donated by local ship's captains having been dragged up in trawler nets (Landscape Design Associates 2000). The fountains in the lake are late 20th century.

The conservatory on the south bank of the lake is a 1930s rebuild of original Victorian conservatory and is now used as an aviary and to house an aquarium. To the east of the conservatory is an ornamental cast-iron drinking fountain (disused) presented to the park by Mr Atkinson. The rockery around the drinking fountain, which was acquired from the former Zoological Gardens, has been removed and replaced by stone paving. The small modern refreshment building to the north of the lake occupies the site of an aviary (1885) which was removed after the Second World War. A rustic shelter adjacent to the aviary was also removed at the same time. At the northern tip of the lake is an ironstone memorial to Zachariah Pearson.

The south-west section is separated from the main body of the park by the carriage road. A planted bank screens the park from Princes Avenue to the west and the area is enclosed on the park side by iron bow-top rails. At the northern end of the bank is the stone cupola from the town hall designed by Cuthbert Brodrick (1822-1905) which was moved to the park in 1912.

The children's playground (1990) close to the Princes Avenue entrance replaces a playground built after the Second World War and occupies the site of earlier tennis courts (Landscape Design Associates 2000). Niven intended that this area of the park should be kept for games and early photographs show that facilities included a bowling green (ibid).

The bowling green in the south-east corner of the park was moved to its current position in 1914 and sits within the mid-19th-century path layout in this part of the park. The green is enclosed by an iron bow-top fence dating from 1935 when all the mid-19th-century wrought-iron fences were removed and replaced. The bowling pavilion (1956) replaces an earlier one on the same site.

REFERENCES

J Smith, Proceedings Relative to the Pearson's Park (1860)

Victoria History of the County of York: East Riding 1, (1969), p 237

J J Sheahan, The History of the Town and Port of Kingston Upon Hull (2nd edn), pp 694-9

Parks for the People - A Strategy for the Development of Hull's Parks in the 21st century (Landscape Design Associates 2000)

Maps

OS 6" to 1 mile: 2nd edition published 1893

3rd edition published 1910

1928 edition

E Prentice Mawson, General Report on the Parks, Cemeteries and Open Spaces, (unpublished report for City Council, 1948), (Hull Local Studies Library)

Description written: January 2001

Edited: May 2001